5 most important aspects of external protection against the effects of lightning

Analysis of the lightning risk takes numerous factors into consideration. This article will shed the light on one of factors – protection of the structures and its five most important... Read more

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What is negative sequence current and how does it effect generator work

As you now, generators and motors are supposed to operate with balanced three-phase loading, but exposure to unbalanced currents is inevitable. Unbalances could arise from many different sources like unbalanced... Read more

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Learn to recognize T&D pylons, foundations, insulators, cables, bushings and arresters

Recognizing the type of transmission & distribution pylons and their equipment is kind of hard if you don’t know where to look for. There are many variations that look similar... Read more

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How not to overspecify high voltage CTs and VTs

The installations wherein CTs and VTs are mounted to measure the normal and abnormal values of current and voltage, have many variations in key system parameters, including voltage class, insulation... Read more

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Electrical Thumb Rules-Illumination-(Part-19).

Recommended Lighting Levels For Sports Areas  

TYPE OF SPORTS PRACTIVE LEVEL MINOR LEAGUE MAJOR LEAGUE PROV LEVEL
Bowls 20 lux 50 lux 100 lux 150 lux
Tennis 50 lux 100 lux 150 lux 250 lux
Football 50 lux 100 lux 250 lux 450 lux
Cricket Outfield 50 lux 100 lux 250 lux 450 lux
Cricket Pitch 100 lux 200 lux 400 lux 600 lux
Hockey 50 lux 100 lux 250 lux 350 lux
Swimming 50 lux 100 lux 150 lux 250 lux

 

Industrial & Office Applications Lux Level

WORK AREAS WORK TYPE LUX
General Engineering Rough Work 160 lux
General Engineering Medium Work 400 lux
General Engineering Fine Work 800 lux
General Engineering Very Fine Work 1600 lux
Inspection Areas Rough Work 160 lux
Inspection Areas Medium Work 320 lux
Inspection Areas Sub Assemblies 400 lux
Inspection Areas Fine Work, electric & high precision mechanical 800 lux
Offices Entrance halls and receptions areas 160 lux
Offices Conference facilities, general offices, typing and filing 500 lux
Offices Computer and business machine operation 630 lux
Offices Drawing Offices 800 lux
Outdoor Areas Mechanical loading 10 lux
Outdoor Areas Manual loading 10 lux
Outdoor Areas Service station forecourts 160 lux
Warehousing Inactive storage 20 lux
Warehousing Loading bays and large materials storage 100 lux
Warehousing Small material storage, packing and dispatch 200 lux

 

Recommended Lighting Levels

Characteristics of Activity Representative Activity Illuminance (lux)
Interiors rarely used for visual tasks (no perception of detail) Cable tunnels, nighttime sidewalk, parking lots 50
Interiors with minimal demand for visual acuity (limited perception of detail) Corridors, changing rooms, loading bay 100 – 150
Interiors with low demand for visual acuity (some perception of detail) Foyers and entrances, dining rooms, warehouses, restrooms 200
Interior with some demand for visual acuity (frequently occupied spaces) Libraries, sports and assembly halls, teaching spaces, lecture theaters 300
Interior with moderate demand for visual acuity (some low contrast, color judgment tasks) Computer work, reading & writing, general offices, retail shops, kitchens 500
Interior with demand for good visual acuity (good color judgment, inviting interior) Drawing offices, chain stores, general electronics work 750
Interior with demand for superior visual acuity (accurate color judgment & low contrast) Detailed electronics assembly, drafting, cabinet making, supermarkets 1000
Interior with demand for maximum visual acuity (low contrast, optical aids & local lighting will be of advantage) Hand tailoring, precision assembly, detailed drafting, assembly of minute mechanisms 1500 -2000+

 

Interior Light Levels

Environment Required Light Level
 Storage Area / Plant Room (minimal movement of people) 150 – 200 Lux
 Construction Areas & Loading Bays (minimal perception of detail) 300 – 500 Lux
 Factories & Kitchens (higher perception of detail) 500 – 750 Lux
 Inspection, Welding, And Machinery (demanding work) 750 – 1000 Lux
 Electronics & Textile Production (repetitive detail) 1000 – 1500 Lux
 Technical Offices (accurate detail) 1500 – 3000 Lux
 Jewelers & Goldsmiths (precision detail) 3000 + Lux

 

Outdoor Light Levels

Environment Required Light Level
Very Bright Summer Day Up To 100,000 Lux
Overcast Summer Day 30,000 – 40,000 Lux
Floodlit Football Match 700 – 16,000 Lux
Shady Room In Daylight 250 – 300 Lux
Night Light On A Building 60 Lux
Night-Time Urban Street 10 Lux
Night-Time Car Park 1 Lux
Security Floodlights 700-1300 Lux
Shed Lights 150-300 Lux
Lamp Posts 120-180 Lux
Landscape Spotlights 120 Lux
Outdoor Path Lighting 100 Lux
Path lighting. 100 Lux
Landscape Lights 100-300 Lux
Garden lights 20 Lux

 

Illumination Level

Light levels as per IS 1944
Classification of Road Type of road illumination (lux)
Group A1 Important traffic routes carrying fast traffic 30
Group A2 Other main roads carrying mixed traffic, like main city streets, arterial roads, throughways etc 15
Group B1 Secondary roads with considerable traffic like principal local traffic routes, shopping streets etc 8
Group B2 Secondary roads with light traffic Important traffic routes carrying fast traffic 4

 

Illumination Level

Roadway
Classification
Average Maintained Illuminance
High lux Medium lux Low lux
Major/Major 34 26 18
Major/Collector 29 22 15
Collector/Collector 24 18 12
Collector/Local 21 16 10
Local/Local 18 14 8

 

Interior Lighting Level

Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers CIBSE  Part 2 (2002)

Illuminance (lux) Activity Area
100 Casual seeing Corridors, changing rooms, stores
150 Some perception of detail Loading bays, switch rooms, plant rooms
200 Continuously occupied Foyers, entrance halls, dining rooms
300 Visual tasks moderately easy Libraries, sports halls, lecture theatres.
500 Visual tasks moderately difficult General offices, kitchens, laboratories, retail shops.
750 Visual tasks difficult Drawing offices, meat inspection, chain stores.
1000 Visual tasks very difficult General inspection, electronic assembly, paintwork, supermarkets.
1500 Visual tasks extremely difficult Fine work and inspection, precision assembly.
2000 Visual tasks exceptionally difficult Assembly of minute items, finished fabric inspection.

 

Illumination levels of Switch Yard

AS/NZS 1158.3.1

Switchyard area lighting targets Illuminance (lx)
HV areas including any overhead line road crossings and any access path zone type infrastructure 10
Non-HV areas and general open areas 5
Isolated areas such as back of buildings, corners of switchyards away from HV Equipment 2

 

Sub Station Light Levels

WEST BENGAL STATE ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION COMPANY LIMITED

Environment Required Light Level
CONTROL ROOM / Switch gear Room 300
Battery Room 150
Communication Room 300
Offices/Engineers’ Room/Other Office Room 300
Toilet 100
Outdoor Switchyard area including road 30
Stairs 100
Corridor 100
Road within campus including colony area 30
Maintenance room 150
Any other spot where high level of illumination required 150
Dormitory & ‘C’ type quarters 150
Auxiliary Buildings like Pump room and other houses 150
ACDB- DCDB room/Store / Store Office 150
Conference room 300
Tiffin room/Kitchen 150
GIS Hall 150

 

Sub Station Light Levels

ODISHA POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIMITED

Environment Required Light Level
Control Room 350
PLCC Room 300
LT Room 150
Charger Room 150
Cable Gallery 150
Heating Plant 100
Battery Room 100
Computer Room 300
Entrance lobby 150
Corridor and landing 150
Conference and display 300
Rest Room 250
AHU Room 100
DG Set Building 150
Fire Fighting Pump House 150
Switchyard – Main equipment 50
Switchyard – general equipment and balance 30
Street/Road 30

 



February 15, 2019 at 08:00AM by Department of EEE, ADBU: http://bit.ly/2AyIRVT

Inspection and maintenance of capacitor banks (recommended practices)

Capacitor banks generally require very little maintenance because they are static type of equipment, but don’t be fooled by this statement. Capacitors are well known for their dangerous reaction when... Read more

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Where to start with design of electrical installation?

The power analysis must be always the at the very top of your tasks in design of an electrical installation. It will enable the source(s) to be sized according to... Read more

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Connections and working principles of three-phase distribution transformers

A three-phase service can be supplied by one three-phase transformer unit or by interconnecting three single-phase transformer units. One three-phase unit is smaller than an equivalent size bank consisting of... Read more

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6 steps for specifying IEC 61850 & substation automation requirements

It is not easy to read the IEC 61850 documents or to comprehend how the pieces all work together. When implementing systems as complex and as new as substation automation,... Read more

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5 ingredients that make SCADA operation delicious

To explain in very simple words, I would say that SCADA is a bunch of equipment that provides an operator at a remote location with sufficient information to determine the... Read more

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Electrical Thumb Rules-Illumination-(Part-18).

Recommended Lighting Levels

IESNA Lighting Handbook

Type of activity Lighting
Public spaces with dark surroundings

30 Lux

Simple orientation for short temporary visits 50 Lux
Working spaces where visual tasks are only occasionally performed 100 Lux
Performance of visual tasks of high contrast or large scale 300 Lux
Performance of visual tasks of medium contrast or small size 500 Lux
Performance of visual tasks of low contrast or very small size 1000 Lux
Performance of visual tasks near threshold of person’s ability to recognize an image 3000-10000 Lux

                              Industries Recommended Levels of Illumination
Area And Task Lux Level
Paper Manufacturing
Beaters, grinding 30
Finishing, cutting 50
Hand Counting 70
Paper machine reel, inspection 100
Rewinder 150
Warehousing, Storage
Inactive 5
Active:
Rough Bulky 10
Medium 20
Fine 50
Clothing Manufacture
Receiving, storing, shipping, winding, measuring 30
Pattern making, trimming 50
Shops, making 100
Textile Mills – Cotton
Opening, mixing, picking 30
Carding and drawing 50
Slubbing, roving, spinning, spooling 50
Beaming and splashing on combo Gray goods 50
Denims 150
Inspection
Gray goods (hand tuning) 150
Denims (rapid moving) 500
Automatic tying-in 150
Weaving 100
Drawing-in by hand 200
Machine Shops
Rough bench and machine work 50
Medium bench and machine work, ordinary automatic machines, rough grinding medium buffing and polishing 100
Fine bench and machine work, fine automatic machines, medium grinding, fine buffing and polishing 500
Extra-Fine bench and machine work, grinding fine work 1000

                                                Recommended Lighting Levels
                           International Standard Serial Number ISSN: 2278-6252
Area/task/ process Illuminance (lux)
Exterior circulating, walkways, stores, main entrances and exit roads, car parking, internal factory roads etc. 20-50
Boiler house, transformer yards, furnace rooms, entrances, corridors, stairs etc. 70-100
Circulation areas in industry, stores and stock rooms, canteen 100-150
Coarse work 200-300
Medium work 300-500
Fine work 500-1500
Very fine minute and precise work 1500-3000
Bale breaking, washing , Stock dyeing, tinting, Mixing, Blowing 200-300
Carding, drawing, roving 300-500
Spinning, doubling, reeling, winding 300-750
Warping 300-400
Sizing 400-500
Heading (drawing in) 750-1000
Weaving (plain gray fabrics) 200-300
Weaving (light colored) 300-750
Weaving (dark colored) 500-1000
Knitting 300-750
Dyeing 200- 450
Calendaring, chemical treatment 300-750
Grey cloth inspection 700-1000
Final inspection 1000-2000

                                              Recommended lighting levels
                                                    IESNA Lighting Handbook
Type of activity Lighting (Lux)
Public spaces with dark surroundings 30
Simple orientation for short temporary visits 50
Working spaces where visual tasks are only occasionally performed 100
Performance of visual tasks of high contrast or large scale 300
Performance of visual tasks of medium contrast or small size 500
Performance of visual tasks of low contrast or very small size 1000
Performance of visual tasks near threshold of person’s ability to recognize an image 3000-10000

                                Illuminance Values for Indoor Activities
                                                TABLE 10.4 IES
ACTIVITY CATEGORY LUX
Public spaces with dark surroundings large area (lobby space) 20-30-50
Simple orientation for short temporary visits large area (lobby space) 50-75-100
Working spaces where visual tasks are only occasionally performed large area (lobby space) 100-150-200
Performance of visual tasks of high contrast or large size localized tasks 200-300-500
Performance of visual tasks of medium contrast or small size localized tasks 500-750-1000
Performance of visual tasks of low contrast or very small size localized tasks 1000-1500-2000 100
Performance of visual tasks of low contrast  or very small size over a prolonged period extremely difficult visual tasks 2000-3000-5000
Performance of very prolonged and exacting visual tasks extremely difficult visual tasks 5000-7500-10000
Performance of very special visual tasks of extremely low contrast extremely difficult visual tasks 10000-15000-20000

                                                           Lighting levels-Sports
Sports Illumination
Football/Rugby  
National/ international     500 Lux
Regional/Local     200 Lux
Local/Training     75 Lux
Tennis  
National/ international   500 Lux
Regional/Local     300 Lux
Local/Training      200 Lux
Equestrian  
National/ international    500 Lux
Regional/Local     200 Lux
Local/Training      100 Lux
Badminton  
National/ international    750 Lux
Regional/Local     500 Lux
Local/Training      300 Lux
Court lighting
Social Play 310 Lux
Club Competition 435 Lux
International 1250 Lux
Swimming  
National/Internal      750 Lux
Regional/Local     500 Lux
Local/Training     200 Lux

                                                           Lighting levels-Sports
                                             Australian Standard  AS 2560.2.6 – 1994
Sport Illumination Level
Baseball  
Baseball (International & National) 1500 lux
Baseball (AAA Standard) 750 lux
 Baseball (Club Competition) 250 lux
Football  
Recreational Level 50 lux
Amateur Level (Training) 50 lux
Amateur Level (Competition) 100 lux
Semi-Professional level (Training) 50 lux
Semi-Professional (match Practice) 100 lux
Semi-Professional (Competition) 200 lux
Professional level (Training) 100 lux
Professional level (Match practice) 200 lux
Professional level (Competition) 500 lux
For all sports the minimum for TV coverage. 1500 lux

                        Recommended Lighting Levels For Sports Areas 
Area Type Lux
Archery, indoor
General Area 25
Shooting Zone 50
Target (Vertical) 100
Badminton
Recreational 300
Supervised Training 400
Club & County 400
National & International 500
Bowls, indoor
Practice 300
Club & County 400
National & International 500
Boxing
Club & Supervised Training 500
Regional 750
National 1000
International 2000
Special Events 2000
Cricket, indoor
Recreational & Supervised Training 400
Club & County 500
Cycle Racing,
Training 300
Club 500
National & International 750
Equestrian, indoor
Practice & Training, show jumping 400
Practice & Training, Dressage 300
Competition Show Jumping 700
Competition Dressage) 500
Five-A-Side Football, indoor
Recreational & Supervised Training 300
Club & County 400
National & International 500
Handball, indoor
Recreational & Supervised Training 300
Club 400
County & National 500
International 750
Hockey, indoor
Recreational & Supervised Training 300
Club 400
County & National 500
International 750
Ice Rinks, Indoor
Hockey & Figure Skating Training 200
Hockey & Figure Skating Competition 750
Skating, Recreational 100
Lawn Tennis, indoor
Recreational 300
Practice & Club 400
County 500
National & International 750
Lawn Tennis, outdoor
Recreational 200
Club 300
County 400
National & International 500
Martial Arts, indoor
Supervised Training 300
Club 400
National 500
Netball, indoor
Recreational & Supervised Training 300
Club & County 400
National & International 500
Shooting, indoor
Target (Vertical) 1000
Shooting Zone 300
Snooker & Billiards
Recreational & Club 750
 National & International 1000
Squash
Recreational & Supervised Training 300
Club & County 400
 indoor National 500
International 750
Swimming, indoors
Recreational 200
Club & County 300
 National 500
 International 10000
 Table Tennis
Recreational 200
Club & County 300
National 500
International 750
Volleyball
Recreational 200
Training, Club & County 300
 National 500
International 750
Weight Training
Supervised Training 400
Sports Halls
Recreational 300
 Club & County 400-500
 National & International 500-750
Televised (vertical/normal to camera) 1000-2000
 Indoor Arenas
Maintenance of Area 100
General Lighting & Training 300
Competition 500
Spectator Viewed Events 900
Televised (vertical/normal to camera) 1000-2000


February 01, 2019 at 08:00AM by Department of EEE, ADBU: http://bit.ly/2AyIRVT